\ubb34\uc790\ube44\ud55c \uc790\ubcf8\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \ucd9c\ud604 \uc9c4\ud654\ub860\uc740 19, 20\uc138\uae30 \ub3d9\uc548 \ub2e8\uc9c0 \ub098\uce58\uc998\uc774\ub098 \uacf5\uc0b0\uc8fc\uc758\ub97c \uc77c\uc73c\ud0a4\ub294 \uc6d0\uc778\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\uc744 \ubfd0 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c, \ub3d9\uc77c\ud55c \uc2dc\uae30\uc5d0 \uc774\uc640 \uc0c1\ubc18\ub41c \uc774\ub370\uc62c\ub85c\uae30\uc778 \uc790\ubcf8\uc8fc\uc758 \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ub07c\ucce4\ub2e4. \u2018\ub2e4\uc708\uc758 \ubd88\ub3c5\u2019\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ubcc4\uba85\uc744 \uac00\uc84c\ub358 \uc9c4\ud654\ub860\uc790 \ud5c9\uc2ac\ub9ac(Julian S. Huxley, 1887-1975, \uc601\uad6d)\ub3c4 2\ucc28 \uc138\uacc4\ub300\uc804\ub4f1\uc744 \uacaa\uc73c\uba70, \uc9c4\ud654\ub860\uc774 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc5d0 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc545\ub4e4\uc744 \uc0dd\uc0b0\ud574 \uc654\uc74c\uc744 \uc2a4\uc2a4\ub85c \uc778\uc815\ud588\ub2e4. 21\uc138\uae30\uc5d0 \uc0ac\ub294 \uc6b0\ub9ac \uc5ed\uc2dc \uc9c4\ud654\ub860\uacfc \ub9c8\ub974\ud06c\uc2a4\ub97c \uc81c\ub300\ub85c \uc774\ud574\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \ud604 21\uc138\uae30\ub97c \ud30c\uc545\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4\ub294 \ub9d0\uc740 \uacfc\uc7a5\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9cc\ud07c \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \uc9c4\ud654\ub860\uacfc \uac70\uae30\uc11c \ud30c\uc0dd\ub41c \uc0ac\uace0\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc97\uc5b4\ub098\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud55c \uc0c1\ud0dc\ub85c \ud310\ub2e8\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4. \uc885\uc885 \ubd88\ubc95\uc801\uc774\uace0 \ubb34\uc790\ube44\ud55c \uc0ac\uc5c5 \ubc29\ubc95\uc744 \uacfc\ud559\uc774\ub780 \ub9d0\ub85c \uc815\ub2f9\ud654\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc9c4\ud654\ub860\uc744 \uacfc\ud559\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ucc29\uac01\ud558\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\uc5ec\uae30\uc5d0\ub294 \uae30\uc5c5\uc744 \uacbd\uc601\ud558\ub294\ub370\ub3c4 \uadf8\ub300\ub85c \uc801\uc6a9\ub418\uc5b4 \uae30\uc5c5 \uac04\uc5d0 \ud30c\uad34\uc801\uc778 \uacbd\uc7c1\uacfc \ud68c\uc0ac \ub0b4\uc5d0\uc11c \uace0\uc6a9\uc778\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubb34\uc790\ube44\ud55c \ucc98\uc6b0\ub294 \uc790\uc5f0\ubc95\uce59\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \uc815\ub2f9\ud55c \uc77c\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \uc5ec\uae30 \uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc801\uc790\uc0dd\uc874\uc774\ub780 \uc9c4\ud654\ub860\uc801 \uac1c\ub150\uc740 \uc6b0\ub9ac \uc0ac\ud68c\uc5d0 \ud53c\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub294 \ud604\uc2e4\uc774\uba70 \uc774\ub97c \uc0ac\uc5c5 \uc724\ub9ac\ub77c\uace0 \ubd88\ub800\ub2e4. \uc989 \u2018\ub354 \uc57d\ud55c\u2019 \uc0ac\ub78c\uacfc \uc0ac\uc5c5 \ubaa8\ub450\uc5d0 \ud55c\uacc4\uc5c6\uc774 \ucc29\ucde8\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc790\uc5f0\uc2a4\ub7fd\uace0 \uc815\ub2f9\ud654 \ub41c \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8 \uacb0\uacfc 19\uc138\uae30 \ud6c4\ubc18\ubd80\ud130 \uc720\ub7fd\uacfc \ubbf8\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c \ubb34\uc790\ube44\ud55c \uc0ac\uc5c5 \uc9c4\ud589\uc740 \uadf8 \uc218\uc704\uac00 \uae09\uaca9\ud788 \ub192\uc544\uc84c\ub2e4. \uc5ec\uae30\uc11c \ubd84\uba85\ud788 \ud574\uc57c \ud560 \uac83\uc740 \u2018\uac74\uac15\ud55c \uae30\uc220\uac1c\ubc1c\uc774\ub098 \uc0ac\uc5c5 \uc544\uc774\ub514\uc5b4\u2019\uc640 \u2018\ubb34\uc790\ube44\ud55c \uc0ac\uc5c5 \ubc29\ubc95\u2019\uc740 \ubd84\ub9ac\ud574\uc11c \uc774\ud574\ud574 \uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc774\ub2e4. \ub2e4\uc218\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4 \ud06c\ub9ac\uc2a4\ucc9c \uae30\uc5c5\uc778\ub4e4 \uc911\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5f0\ubbfc\uc744 \uac16\uace0 \uadfc \ub85c\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \ub530\ub73b\ud558\uac8c \ub300\ud55c \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
\ub9ce\uc740 \ub178\ub3d9\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \uc548\uc804 \uc7a5\uce58 \uc5c6\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c \uc5ec\uac74\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \uc0ac\ub9dd\uacfc \uc0c1\ud574\uac00 \uc99d\uac00\ud588\ub294 \ub370 \uc190\uac00\ub77d, \uc190, \ud314\ub2e4\ub9ac\uac00 \uc808\ub2e8\ub418\uc5b4 \ud3c9\uc0dd \ub3d9\uc548 \ubd88\uad6c\ub85c \uc0b4\uac8c \ub418\uae30\ub3c4 \ud588\ub2e4. 1900\ub144\uc5d0 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc11c \ubbf8\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c\ub9cc \uc218\uc2ed\ub144 \ub3d9\uc548 \uc218\ubc31\ub9cc \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc758 \uc0dd\uba85\uc744 \uc557\uc544\uac14\ub2e4. \uc124\ubb38\uc870\uc0ac\uc5d0 \ub530\ub974\uba74, 19\uc138\uae30 \ucd08 \ubbf8\uad6d \uadfc\ub85c\uc790 \ubc18 \uc774\uc0c1\uc774 \uc2ec\uac01\ud55c \uc678\uc0c1\uc744 \uc785\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70, \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc9c1\uc5c5\uc5d0 \uc11c\ub294 \uac70\uc758 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uac00 \ubd80\uc0c1\uc744 \uc785\uae30\ub3c4 \ud588\ub2e4. \ub2e8\uc9c0 \uc678\uc0c1\ubfd0 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc218\uc740 \uc911\ub3c5\uc774 \ub098 \ub77c\ub4d0\uc744 \ud1b5\ud55c \uc554 \ubc1c\uc0dd \ub610\ud55c \ub192\uc544\uc84c\ub2e4. \uc81c\ucca0\uc18c\uc758 \ub178\ub3d9\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \ud558\ub8e8 1.25 \ub2ec\ub7ec\ub97c \ubc1b\uace0 12 \uc2dc\uac04 \ub3d9\uc548 \uadfc\ubb34\ud558\uae30\ub3c4 \ud588\uc73c\uba70, \uc218\ub9ce\uc740 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \ucca0\ub3c4 \uc120\ub85c\ub97c \uc138\uc6b0\ub2e4 \uc0ac \ub9dd\ud588\ub2e4. \uc774\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubc95\uc801 \uace0\uc18c\uac00 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4\uace0 \ud560\uc9c0\ub77c\ub3c4, \ud310\uc0ac \uc5ed\uc2dc \uc9c4\ud654\ub860\uc801 \uc0ac\uace0\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84 \uace0\uc6a9\uc8fc \ud3b8\uc744 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc8fc\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uace0\uc6a9\uc8fc\ub294 \uc774\ub7f0 \uc704\ud5d8\uc744 \uc54c\uace0 \uc788\uc5b4\ub3c4 \uadfc\ub85c \uc790\uc758 \uc0b6\uc774 \uadf8\ub9ac \uc911\uc694\ud558\uac8c \uc5ec\uae30\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uac1c\uc120\ud560 \uc0dd\uac01\uc740 \uac70\uc758 \uc5c6\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\uc0ac\ud68c\uc9c4\ud654\ub860\uc758 \ucc3d\uc2dc\uc790, \uc2a4\ud39c\uc11c
\uc0ac\ud68c\uc9c4\ud654\ub860\uc744 \ub2e4\ub8f0 \ub54c \uacb0\ucf54 \ube60\ud2b8\ub9b4 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub294 \ud55c \uc0ac\ub78c\uc774 \uc2a4 \ud39c\uc11c(Herbert Spencer, 1820-1903, \uc601\uad6d)\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub97c \uc0ac\ud68c\uc9c4\ud654 \ub860\uc758 \ucc3d\uc2dc\uc790\ub77c\uace0\ub3c4 \ubd80\ub978\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \uc2a4\ubb34 \uc0b4\uc5d0 \ub3d9\uc77c\uacfc\uc815\uc124\ub85c \uc9c0\uad6c\uac00 \uc624\ub79c \uae30\uac04 \ub3d9\uc548 \ubcc0\ud574\uc654\ub2e4\ub294 \ub77c\uc774\uc5d8\uc758 \uc9c0\uc9c8\ud559\uc758 \uc6d0\ub9ac (Principles of Geology, 1830\ub144 \ucd08\ud310 \ubc1c\ud589)\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc9c4\ud654 \uac1c\ub150\uc744 \uc811\ud558\uba74\uc11c \ub77c\ub9c8\ub974\ud06c\uc758 \uc6a9\ubd88\uc6a9\uc124\uc744 \ubc1b\uc544\ub4e4\uc600\ub2e4. \ub77c\ub9c8\ub974\ud06c\uc758 \uc6a9\ubd88\uc6a9\uc124\uc740 1809\ub144 \uae30\ub9b0\uc774 \ub192\uc740 \uacf3\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \uacfc\uc77c\uc744 \uc790\uafb8 \uba39\ub2e4 \ubcf4\ub2c8 \ubaa9\uc774 \uae38\uc5b4\uc84c\uace0, \uc624\ub79c \uae30\uac04\uc5d0 \uac78\uccd0 \uc9c0\uae08\uc758 \uae30\ub9b0\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4\ub294 \ucd08\uae30 \uc9c4\ud654\ub860\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ubbc0\ub85c \uc2a4\ud39c\uc11c\ub294 \ub2e4\uc708\uc758 \u2018\uc885\uc758 \uae30\uc6d0\u2019(1859\ub144)\uc774 \ucd9c\ud310\ub418\uae30 \uc774\uc804\uc5d0 \uc774\ubbf8 \uc9c4\ud654\ub860\uc801 \uc0ac\uace0\ub97c \uac16\ucd94\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub358 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \u2018\uc885 \uc758 \uae30\uc6d0\u2019\uc774 \ucd9c\ud310\ub41c \ud6c4\uc5d0 \uc774\uc640 \ud568\uaed8 \uc2a4\ud39c\uc11c\uc758 \uc9c4\ud654\ub860\uc801 \uc0ac\uace0\ub294 \ucc45\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc138\uc0c1\uc5d0 \uae09\uc18d\ud788 \ud37c\uc84c\uace0, 20\uc138\uae30 \ucd08\ubc18 \uc720\ub7fd\uc5d0 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc9c4\ud654\ub860\uc758 \uc911\uc2ec\uc5d0 \uc11c\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c \uadf8\ub294 \uc9c4\ud654(evolution)\ub77c\ub294 \uc6a9\uc5b4\ub97c \ucc98\uc74c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud55c \uc0ac\ub78c \uc911\uc5d0 \ud558\ub098\uc600\uc73c\uba70, \u2018\uc801\uc790\uc0dd\uc874(survival of fittest)\u2019\uc740 \uadf8\uac00 \ucc98\uc74c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud55c \uc6a9\uc5b4\uc774\ub2e4. \ub098\uc911\uc5d0 \ub2e4\uc708\ub3c4 \uadf8\uc758 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubc1b\uc544\uc11c \u2018\uc885\uc758 \uae30\uc6d0\u2019 \ub124 \ubc88\uc9f8 \uac1c\uc815\ud310\uc5d0\ubd80\ud130 \u2018\uc801\uc790\uc0dd\uc874\u2019\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ub2e8\uc5b4\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\uadf8\uc758 \ub17c\ub9ac\ub294 \uc9c4\ud654\ub860\uc744 \u2018\uacfc\ud559\u2019\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc774\ub984\uc73c\ub85c \uc804\uac1c\ud568\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ub2e4\ub978 \uc0ac\ub78c\uacfc \ub2ec \ub9ac \uc124\ub4dd\ub825 \uc788\uace0 \ub3c5\ucc3d\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc600\ub2e4. \ub2e8\uc21c\ud55c \uac83\uc5d0\uc11c \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcc0\ud588\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83 \uacfc \uc801\uc790\uc0dd\uc874\uc744 \uacfc\ud559\uc801 \uc790\uc5f0 \ubc95\uce59\uc73c\ub85c \uac04\uc8fc\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc778\uac04 \uc0dd\ud65c\uc758 \uc601\uc5ed\uc5d0\uc11c \ud53c\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc0ac\uc2e4\ub85c \uc778\uc2dd\uc2dc\ucf30\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \uc815\uce58\uc640 \uc0ac\ud68c \uc804\ubc18\uc5d0 \uac78\uccd0 \uc774 \uc9c4\ud654\ub860\uc801 \uc0ac\uace0\ub85c \ub2f5\uc744 \uc5bb\uace0\uc790 \ub178\ub825\ud588\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \ud2b9\uc815 \uc778\uc885\uc774 \uc5f4\ub4f1\ud558\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uacb0\uad6d\uc5d0 \u201c\uba78\uc885 \uc704\uae30\uc5d0 \ucc98\ud558\uac8c \ub420 \uac83\u201d\uc774\ub77c\uace0\ub3c4 \ud588\ub2e4.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\uc2a4\ud39c\uc11c\uc758 \uccab \ucc45 \u2018\uc0ac\ud68c \ud1b5\uacc4(Social Statics, 1851)\u2019\uc5d0\uc11c \uc778\uac04\uc740 \uc9c4\ubcf4\ud558\uba70 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc5d0 \uc801 \ud569\ud55c \uc874\uc7ac\uac00 \ub41c\ub2e4\ub294 \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uc9c4\ud654\ub860\uc801 \uc0ac\uace0\ub97c \ub2f4\uc558\ub2e4. \uc774\uc5b4 \uc9d1\ud544\ud55c \u2018\uc2ec\ub9ac\ud559\uc758 \uc6d0\ub9ac(Principles of Psychology, 1855)\u2019\ub294 \uc778\uac04\uc758 \uc2ec\ub9ac\ub3c4 \uc790\uc5f0\ubc95\uce59\uc5d0 \uc9c0\ubc30\ub41c\ub2e4\uace0 \ud558\uba70 \uc778\uac04 \ud574\uc11d\uc5d0 \uc9c4\ud654\ub860\uc744 \ub354 \uad6c\uccb4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ucd94\uac00\uc2dc\ucf30\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \uc790\uc2e0\uc774 \ub9cc\ub4e0 \uc801\uc790\uc0dd\uc874\uc744 \uadf8\ub300\ub85c \ubbff\uc5c8\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc5d0\uc11c \uac15\uc790\ub9cc\uc774 \uc0b4 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uc0ac\uace0\ub85c \uc778\uac04 \uc2ec\ub9ac\ub97c \ubd80\ucd94\uacbc\ub2e4. \uc724\ub9ac\uc5d0 \ub300\ud558\uc5ec\ub3c4 \u2018\ub3c4\ub355\uc740 \ucd5c\ub300 \ub2e4\uc218\uc758 \ucd5c\ub300 \ud589\ubcf5\uc744 \ubaa9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud55c\ub2e4\u2019\ub294 \u2018\uacf5\ub9ac\uc8fc\uc758(utilitarianism)\u2019 \uc785\uc7a5\uc744 \ucde8\ud588\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uacf5\ub9ac\uc8fc\uc758 \uc724\ub9ac\ub294 \ud589\ubcf5\uc774 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc774\ub0d0\ub294 \uc815\uc758\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uae30\ubcf8\uc801 \ud55c\uacc4\uc5d0 \ubd80\ub52a\ud788\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc808\ub300\uc801 \uc9c4\ub9ac \uc0c1\uc2e4\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \uacb0\uad6d\uc5d0 \ucf8c\ub77d\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\ub3d9\ud558\uba70 \ubb34\uc815\ubd80 \uc0c1\ud0dc\uc758 \ud63c\ub780\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\uac8c \ub41c\ub2e4. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
\uc2a4\ud39c\uc11c\uc758 \uc801\uc790\uc0dd\uc874\uc774\ub780 \uc0ac\uace0\ub294 1815\ub144-1914\ub144 \ub3d9\uc548 \uc81c\uad6d\uc8fc\uc758\uc801 \uc815\ubcf5\uc695\uc5d0 \uc788\ub358 \uc601\uad6d\uc5d0\uac8c \uc2dd\ubbfc\uc9c0 \uc815\ucc45\uc758 \uc815\ub2f9\uc131\uc744 \ubd80\uc5ec\ud588\ub2e4. \uc989 \ud604\uc7ac \uac15\ud55c \ub098\ub77c\uc778 \uc801\uc790\uac00 \uc57d \ud55c \ub098\ub77c\ub97c \uc9c0\ubc30\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc790\uc5f0\ubc95\uce59\uc5d0 \uc21c\uc751\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \uc0ac\uace0\ub294 \uae30\uc5c5 \uacbd\uc601\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \uc8fc\uc5b4 \uc801\uc790\uc778 \uace0\uc6a9\uc8fc\uac00 \ubd80\uc801\uc790\uc778 \uace0\uc6a9\uc790\ub97c \ucc29\ucde8\ud558\ub294 \uac83\ub3c4 \uacb0\ucf54 \uc774\uc0c1\ud55c \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2cc \uac83\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\uace0 \ubb34\uc790\ube44\ud55c \uc790\ubcf8\uc8fc\uc758\ub85c \uc774\uc5b4\uc9c0\uac8c \ud558\uc600\ub2e4.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\uc2a4\ud39c\uc11c\uc758 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc9c4\ud654\ub860\uc740 \ub2e4\uc708\uc758 \uc9c4\ud654\ub860\uacfc \uc5f0\ud569\ud558\uc5ec \uc720\ub7fd \uc744 \ub118\uc5b4 \ub2e4\ub978 \ub098\ub77c\uc5d0\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc54c\ub824\uc838\uc11c, 19\uc138\uae30\uc758 \ub9d0\uc5d0 \uc774\ubbf8 \ubbf8 \uad6d \uc0dd\ud65c\ub3c4 \uadf8\uc758 \uc0dd\uac01\uc774 \uc2a4\uba70\ub4e4\uc5b4\uac14\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ucc98\uc74c\uc5d0 \ubbf8\uad6d \uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uadf8\uc758 \uc0ac\uace0\ub97c \uae30\uc5c5\uc5d0 \uc9c1\uc811 \uc801\uc6a9\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub824\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc740 \uadf8\ub9ac \ub9ce\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 1903\ub144 \uc2a4\ud39c\uc11c\uac00 \uc8fd\uc5c8\uc744 \ub54c \uadf8\uc758 \ucc45 \uc774 \ubca0\uc2a4\ud2b8\uc140\ub7ec\ub85c 238,000\ubd80\uac00 \ud314\ub9ac\ub294 \uae30\ub85d\uc744 \uc138\uc6e0\uace0, \ubbf8\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc624\ud788\ub824 \ub2e4\uc708 \ubcf4\ub2e4 \uadf8\uc758 \uc778\uae30\uac00 \ub354 \ub192\uc544\uc84c\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub54c\ubd80\ud130 \ubbf8\uad6d \uae30\uc5c5\uc5d0 \ubcc0\ud654\uac00 \uc2dc\uc791\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc790\uc720 \ubc29\uc784 \uc0b0\uc5c5 \uc790\ubcf8\uc8fc\uc758\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc724\ub9ac\uc801 \uadfc\uac70\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud55c \uc148\uc774\ub2e4. \uae30\uc5c5\uc758 \ub3c5\uc810\uc801 \uad00\ud589\uc744 \uadf9\ub3c4\ub85c \ubd80\ucd94\uacbc\uace0, \uce58\uc5f4\ud55c \ube44\uc988\ub2c8\uc2a4 \uacbd\uc7c1\uc744 \ud0c0\ub2f9\ud558\uace0 \uc815\ub2f9\ud558\uac8c \uc5ec\uae30\ub3c4\ub85d \ud588 \ub2e4. \uc77c\ubd80 \uae30\uc5c5\uac00\ub4e4\uc740 \uc815\ubd80\ub098 \ub178\ub3d9\uc790\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ud6e8\uc52c \ub354 \ud070 \uad8c\ub825\uc744 \uac16\uae30\ub3c4 \ud588\ub2e4. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
1884\ub144 \uc2a4\ud39c\uc11c\ub294 \u2018\uc2e4\uc5c5\uc790\uc774\uac70\ub098 \uc0ac\ud68c \ubd80\ub2f4\ub418\ub294 \uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \ub3c4\uc6c0\uacfc \uc790\uc120\uc758 \ub300\uc0c1\uc774 \ub418\uae30\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub294 \uc8fd\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \ud5c8\ub77d\ub418\uc57c \ud558\uba70, \uadf8\ub7ec\ub824\uba74 \ubd80\uc801\uc808\ud55c \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc744 \uc81c\uac70\ud558\uace0 \uc2ec \ud558\uac8c \ub2e4\uadf8\uccd0\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4\u2019\ub294 \uc2dd\uc758 \ub054\ucc0d\ud55c \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \ucca0\ud559\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc8fc\uae30\uae4c\uc9c0 \ud588\ub2e4. \ub35c \uc801\ud569 \ud55c \uc790\ub098 \uae30\uc5c5\uc740 \uc81c\uac70\ub418\uc5b4\uc57c \ud558\uba70 \u2018\ud569\ub9ac\uc801 \uc0ac\ub78c\u2019\uc740 \ubc29\ud574\ub97c \ubc1b\uc544\uc11c\ub294 \uc548\ub41c\ub2e4\ub294 \ub0c9\ud639\ud55c \uc9c4\ud654 \ubc95\uce59\uc740 \uc2a4\ud39c\uc11c\uc758 \uc77c\uad00\ub41c \uacb0\ub860\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \uc9c4\ud654\uc758 \ub0c9\ud639\ud55c \u2018\uc0dd\uc874 \ubc95\uce59\u2019 \uc5d0\uc11c \ube44\ub86f\ub41c \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \uacbd\uc81c\ubfd0 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \ub2e4\ub978 \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \uc8fc\uc5c8\ub294\ub370, \uc9c4\ud654 \ub860\uc801 \uc0dd\ud654\ud559\uc790\uba70 \uc9d1\ud544\uac00\ub85c \uc720\uba85\ud55c \uc544\uc2dc\ubaa8\ud504(Isaac Asimov, 1920-92, \ubbf8\uad6d)\ub294 \uadf8 \uc758 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubc1b\uc544 \u2018\uc9c4\ud654\ub860\uc740 \uac00\ub09c\ud55c \uc790\ub098 \uc2e4\uc5c5 \uc790\ub97c \ubb34\uc2dc\ud558\ub294 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \ubd84\uc704\uae30\ub97c \uc815\ub2f9\ud654\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4\u2019\uace0 \ub9d0\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\ub2e4\uc74c\ud638\uc5d0 \uacc4\uc18d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\ubb34\uc790\ube44\ud55c \uc790\ubcf8\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \ucd9c\ud604 \uc9c4\ud654\ub860\uc740 19, 20\uc138\uae30 \ub3d9\uc548 \ub2e8\uc9c0 \ub098\uce58\uc998\uc774\ub098 \uacf5\uc0b0\uc8fc\uc758\ub97c \uc77c\uc73c\ud0a4\ub294 \uc6d0\uc778\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\uc744 \ubfd0 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c, \ub3d9\uc77c\ud55c \uc2dc\uae30\uc5d0 \uc774\uc640 \uc0c1\ubc18\ub41c \uc774\ub370\uc62c\ub85c\uae30\uc778 \uc790\ubcf8\uc8fc\uc758 \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ub07c\ucce4 \ub2e4. \u2018\ub2e4\uc708\uc758 \ubd88\ub3c5\u2019\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ubcc4\uba85\uc744 \uac00\uc84c\ub358 \uc9c4\ud654\ub860\uc790 \ud5c9\uc2ac\ub9ac(Julian S. Huxley, 1887-1975, \uc601\uad6d)\ub3c4 2\ucc28 \uc138\uacc4\ub300\uc804 \ub4f1\uc744 \uacaa\uc73c\uba70, \uc9c4\ud654\ub860\uc774 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc5d0 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc545\ub4e4\uc744 \uc0dd\uc0b0\ud574 \uc654\uc74c\uc744 \uc2a4\uc2a4 \ub85c \uc778\uc815\ud588\ub2e4. 21\uc138\uae30\uc5d0 \uc0ac\ub294 \uc6b0\ub9ac \uc5ed\uc2dc \uc9c4\ud654\ub860\uacfc \ub9c8\ub974\ud06c\uc2a4\ub97c \uc81c\ub300\ub85c \uc774\ud574\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \ud604 21\uc138\uae30\ub97c \ud30c\uc545\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4\ub294 \ub9d0\uc740 \uacfc\uc7a5\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9cc\ud07c \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \uc9c4\ud654\ub860\uacfc \uac70\uae30\uc11c \ud30c\uc0dd \ub41c \uc0ac\uace0\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc97\uc5b4\ub098\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud55c \uc0c1\ud0dc\ub85c \ud310\ub2e8\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4. \uc885\uc885 \ubd88\ubc95\uc801\uc774\uace0 \ubb34\uc790\ube44\ud55c \uc0ac\uc5c5 \ubc29\ubc95\uc744 \uacfc\ud559\uc774\ub780 \ub9d0\ub85c \uc815\ub2f9\ud654\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc9c4\ud654\ub860\uc744 \uacfc\ud559\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ucc29\uac01\ud558\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uc5ec\uae30\uc5d0\ub294 \uae30\uc5c5\uc744 \uacbd\uc601\ud558\ub294\ub370\ub3c4 \uadf8\ub300\ub85c \uc801\uc6a9\ub418\uc5b4 \uae30\uc5c5 \uac04\uc5d0 \ud30c\uad34\uc801\uc778 \uacbd\uc7c1\uacfc \ud68c\uc0ac \ub0b4\uc5d0\uc11c \uace0\uc6a9\uc778\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubb34\uc790\ube44\ud55c \ucc98\uc6b0\ub294 \uc790\uc5f0\ubc95\uce59\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \uc815\ub2f9\ud55c \uc77c\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \uc5ec\uae30 \uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc801\uc790\uc0dd\uc874\uc774\ub780 \uc9c4\ud654\ub860\uc801 \uac1c\ub150\uc740 \uc6b0\ub9ac \uc0ac\ud68c\uc5d0 \ud53c\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub294 \ud604\uc2e4\uc774\uba70 \uc774\ub97c \uc0ac\uc5c5 \uc724\ub9ac\ub77c\uace0 \ubd88\ub800\ub2e4. \uc989 \u2018\ub354 \uc57d\ud55c\u2019 \uc0ac\ub78c\uacfc \uc0ac\uc5c5 \ubaa8\ub450\uc5d0 \ud55c\uacc4\uc5c6\uc774 \ucc29\ucde8\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc790\uc5f0\uc2a4\ub7fd\uace0 \uc815\ub2f9\ud654 \ub41c \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8 \uacb0\uacfc 19\uc138\uae30 \ud6c4\ubc18\ubd80\ud130 \uc720\ub7fd\uacfc \ubbf8\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c \ubb34\uc790\ube44\ud55c \uc0ac\uc5c5 \uc9c4\ud589\uc740 \uadf8 \uc218\uc704\uac00 \uae09\uaca9\ud788 \ub192\uc544\uc84c\ub2e4. \uc5ec\uae30\uc11c \ubd84\uba85\ud788 \ud574\uc57c \ud560 \uac83\uc740 \u2018\uac74\uac15\ud55c \uae30\uc220\uac1c\ubc1c\uc774\ub098 \uc0ac\uc5c5 \uc544\uc774\ub514\uc5b4\u2019\uc640 \u2018\ubb34\uc790\ube44\ud55c \uc0ac\uc5c5 \ubc29\ubc95\u2019\uc740 \ubd84\ub9ac\ud574\uc11c \uc774\ud574\ud574 \uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc774\ub2e4. \ub2e4\uc218\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4 \ud06c\ub9ac\uc2a4\ucc9c \uae30\uc5c5\uc778\ub4e4 \uc911\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5f0\ubbfc\uc744 \uac16\uace0 \uadfc \ub85c\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \ub530\ub73b\ud558\uac8c \ub300\ud55c \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4.\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":110340,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[10],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.hisark.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/110339"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.hisark.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.hisark.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.hisark.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.hisark.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=110339"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.hisark.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/110339\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.hisark.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/110340"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.hisark.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=110339"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.hisark.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=110339"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.hisark.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=110339"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}